Vague 6 was the first researcher to realize that different body morphology and body fat distribution type are related to the health risks associated with obesity. He used the neck skin fold in its male differentiation index to assess the fat distribution in the upper body. From Vague study 6 , neck circumference NC has been investigated as a screening instrument for overweight individuals because it is easy to measure, low cost; it is not invasive and does not vary throughout the day as it happens with waist circumference 6.
In addition, neck circumference correlates with several studies with other anthropometric measurements related to fat and cardiovascular risk factors. There is a lack of studies that evaluate NC in adolescents. Therefore, considering the ease of obtaining the NC in epidemiological studies and clinical practice and also the importance of early identification of overweight for prevention of metabolic disorders and diseases in adulthood, the aim of the present study is to measure the NC cut-off points for identification of overweight levels in adolescents from two cities of Northeast part of Brazil.
The main objective of this research was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular r 9 in isk factors in Brazilian adolescents. In that multicenter study, over 75 thousand students aged between 12 and 17 years were evaluated from 1, public and private schools, all distributed in Brazilian municipalities with over thousand inhabitants. The population from this study corresponds to a subsample from ERICA's project which consists of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, enrolled in schools from two cities Aracaju and Nossa Senhora do Socorro from the State of Sergipe, Brazilian Northeast.
The sample may be considered to have local representativity. For ERICA's Project sample procedure in Sergipe, twenty nine public and private schools were selected, twenty six located in Aracaju and three in Nossa Senhora do Socorro, the second municipality with over , inhabitants in Sergipe State. A survey using class year as a proxy of age took place in order to select eligible classes 7 th , 8 th , 9 th years of elementary school and 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd years of high school and which allowed three classes to be chosen from each school.
In each selected class, every student evaluated had signed the Informed Consent Form agreeing to participate and be present at the data collecting day. The adolescents were divided into two groups with different age levels for evaluation of results determination. Group 1 was composed with individuals aging between 12 to 14 years and the Group 2 aging between 15 to 17 years. The exclusion criteria presented by individuals in this present study were: neck mass presence or neck deformities, goiter, psychomotor retardation, genetic syndromes, liver and kidney disease, metabolic disorders such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and the use of systemic corticosteroid.
All necessary information about this study was collected from schools of the selected municipalities by a previous trained team for the ERICA's project. For body weight measurement, all adolescents were evaluated without shoes or any extra clothing nor objects in their school uniform pockets. They were positioned in the middle of the scale, both feet together, standing upright, weight evenly on both feet, motionless, arms relaxed alongside, head in anatomical position and back to the display.
For height measurement, adolescents removed their shoes and headdresses. They were positioned in the middle of the equipment, standing motionless, erect with arms relaxed alongside and leaning in the stadiometer ruler with the Frankfurt plane parallel to the base. WC was measured with the adolescent in the standing- upright position, with abdomen relaxed and arms crossed over the chest. The measurement was done at the midpoint between the lower costal border, from the last rib and the iliac crest, in the axillary midline.
For this measurement, the adolescent remained sitting with their feet on the floor and the pressure was only measured after 5 minutes of rest. The measurement was taken with the extended right arm resting on the table at heart level. Three consecutive measures for each individual were taken between each, with three minutes intervals. The first reading was discarded and used the average of the last two.
The NC measurement was carried out with the child standing and head positioned in the Frankfurt horizontal plane. The researcher made the teenager's neck palpation to locate the cricoid cartilage, which positioned the tape exerting minimum pressure at the time of taking the measure for better contact of the tape with the skin. Statistical analyses. Girls Blouses. Lucyna Gorosarri Beginner.
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How do I delete a poll on messenger? Since ancient times, people have tried to understand the proportions of the human body. Leonardo da Vinci applied the golden ratio to many of his major works, including the Mona Lisa. The ancient Greeks used the golden ratio to determine specific proportions of the "ideal" male.
One of these proportions is the correlation between waist circumference and neck circumference. Although the ideal Greek ratio is closer to 1. In this case, the circumference of your neck would be about the same as your pants width. In other words, your waist circumference would be about twice your neck circumference. One thing that the ancient Greeks failed to take into account is that body proportions and shape are strongly influenced by genetics.
Most adult male neck sizes range from 14 to 19 inches For optimal health, the waistline should be less than 40cm for men and less than 35cm for women. Neck size is a measure of heart risk. If the neck circumference is greater than 16 inches in men and 13 inches in women, the risk of heart disease increases.
Doctors have long measured the fat in the gut - visceral fatty tissue, to use the official name - to assess heart disease risk. Measure the collar size first. Place the tape measure around your neck and add one inch together for a more comfortable fit.
Start at the top of the central hill just below the pass and aim for your shoulder. Then measure from the shoulder to the wrist. The neck circumference is listed first, increasing by half an inch from 13 to
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